Jainism emerged in ancient India as a distinct spiritual tradition that developed alongside Hindu philosophy. Formalised by Mahavira in the 6th century BCE, Jainism shares core Indic ideas such as karma, rebirth, and liberation but places extraordinary emphasis on ahimsa (non-violence), self-discipline, and renunciation.

Jain teachings promote ethical living through truth, non-attachment, and strict moral conduct, influencing Indian thought, trade ethics, and vegetarian practices. Jain scholars contributed significantly to mathematics, logic, literature, and philosophy, enriching India’s intellectual traditions.

While Jainism maintains its independent identity, it arose within the same ancient Indian spiritual ecosystem that shaped Hinduism, reflecting India’s long tradition of philosophical debate, tolerance, and coexistence of diverse belief systems.