Hinduism is the oldest living religion in the world and forms the spiritual foundation of Indian civilisation. Originating in the Indian subcontinent more than 4,000 years ago, Hinduism is not founded by a single individual but evolved through sacred texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Puranas. It emphasises universal principles like dharma (righteous duty), karma (action and consequence), samsara (cycle of rebirth), and moksha (liberation).

Hinduism is deeply philosophical and inclusive, allowing multiple paths to spiritual realisation through devotion, knowledge, action, and meditation. Its flexible and pluralistic nature gave rise to diverse schools of thought and spiritual movements across India. As the civilisational base of India, Hinduism shaped the country’s culture, social structure, festivals, art, and moral values. Many later Indian religions developed within this broader Indic spiritual environment, engaging with Hindu philosophical ideas while offering new interpretations and practices.