Astronomy in ancient India was a highly advanced science that combined observation, mathematics, and philosophy to understand the universe. Indian scholars accurately studied the movements of the sun, moon, and planets, developed early concepts of time, eclipses, and calendars, and calculated planetary positions with remarkable precision. Texts such as the Surya Siddhanta and the works of Aryabhata reflect India’s deep knowledge of celestial science, including the understanding that the Earth rotates on its axis. These contributions influenced navigation, agriculture, and timekeeping, and they continue to highlight India’s pioneering role in the development of astronomical knowledge.